Mapbox Vector Tile
A specification for encoding tiled vector data.
MVT is a protobuf-encoded format that defines geospatial geometries.
tiles contain layers with features, the features can have geometries and properties.
Metadata
It is often useful to have global metadata about a tileset. A common complementary format for encoding tileset metadata is TileJSON.
Encoding
If you want to know more about how geometries are encoded into MVT tiles, see this section in the specification.